Traditionella flytande litiumjonbatterier står inför flaskhalsar i prestandan i materialsystemet: För det första är energitätheten svår att bryta igenom 350Wh/kg, vilket begränsar förbättringen av elektriskt fordonsområde och elektronisk utrustningstal; För det andra har den organiska vätskelektrolyten aktiva kemiska egenskaper, vilket är lätt att orsaka säkerhetsrisker såsom termisk språng, förbränning och till och med explosion; För det tredje har elektrolyten förångning, torkning, läckage och andra problem under batteritjänstprocessen, som avsevärt förkortar batterilivslängden . flytande elektrolyter har blivit kärnhinder som begränsar utvecklingen av litiumjonbatteriteknologi .}
Solid-state batteries have opened up a new path for industry development by replacing liquid electrolytes with solid electrolytes. This technological innovation can not only adapt to high-capacity materials such as silicon-based negative electrodes and lithium-rich positive electrodes, breaking through the upper limit of energy density, but also avoid electrolyte leakage and thermal runaway risks from the root, significantly improving battery safety. In addition, the stable characteristics of solid-state electrolytes can effectively inhibit battery aging and extend cycle life. Therefore, all-solid-state lithium batteries are regarded as the inevitable direction of lithium-ion battery technology upgrades, and are expected to bring revolutionary breakthroughs to the new energy industry.
Processskillnader
In the evolution of battery technology, the core difference between solid-state batteries and traditional liquid batteries is reflected in the innovation of the electrolyte system: the composition of traditional liquid lithium batteries relies on four key components - positive electrode, negative electrode, electrolyte and diaphragm, among which the liquid electrolyte needs to be matched with the diaphragm to block the risk of short circuit between the positive and negative Elektroder .
Solid-state batteries completely replace the electrolyte and diaphragm in the traditional system with solid electrolytes: this solid material not only undertakes the function of ion conduction (replacing the electrolyte), but also can directly block the contact between the positive and negative electrodes (replacing the diaphragm) by virtue of its non-liquid properties, fundamentally changing the internal structure and working mechanism of the battery. Compared Med vätskesystemet sparar inte bara införandet av fasta elektrolyter de komplexa processerna såsom elektrolytfyllning och membranlagning, utan bryter också igenom flaskhalsarna för traditionella batterier när det gäller säkerhet och energitäthet genom förändring av materialform, och blir en viktig riktning för batteriteknik -iteration .}
All-solid-state batteries break through the boundaries of traditional technology with a new material system and battery structure. The existing liquid lithium battery manufacturing process and equipment are difficult to meet its industrialization needs. Limited by the current situation of incomplete mass production, the production process of all-solid-state batteries has not yet been finalized. Different products have different process paths due to differences in design and application Scenarier . Jämfört med traditionella flytande batterier finns det emellertid betydande skillnader i kärnproduktionsprocessen mellan de två, som specifikt återspeglas i följande tre länkar:
1. Front-End Pole Piece Production: Teknologisk övergång från våtuppslamning till torr elektrod
The production of traditional liquid lithium battery pole pieces relies on wet process, which requires the active material, conductive agent, binder and solvent to be mixed into slurry, coated on the current collector, dried and rolled to shape, and the preparation and impurity removal processes brought by the use of solvents increase the complexity. All-solid-state batteries use dry electrode technology, which can directly mix slurry and apply without lösningsmedel . Det förenklar inte bara processen och minskar föroreningar, utan lägger också till beläggningen och rullningen av fasta elektrolytmembran . genom att förbereda elektrodelektrolytkompositskiktet, strukturell innovation uppnås.}}}
2. Mid-Stage Battery Cell Assembly: Lamineringsprocessen dominerar, och injektionsprocessen är helt innoverad
In the battery cell assembly stage, traditional liquid batteries can be formed by winding or lamination process. After forming, electrolyte needs to be injected, and the positive and negative electrodes are isolated by diaphragms to ensure safety. All-solid-state batteries are mainly based on lamination process, with pole piece glue frame printing and isostatic pressing technology to strengthen the contact tightness between solid Elektrolyt och elektrod . Eftersom fast elektrolyt har både jonledning och fysiska isoleringsfunktioner kan all-furud-tillstånd batterier helt spara injektionsprocessen och undvika läckage och kortslutningsrisker från källan .}
3. Back-End Formation and Packaging: High-Sfolage Formation omformar prestandastandarder
In the formation and packaging stage, after the traditional liquid lithium battery is packaged, the internal chemical reaction of the battery is activated by low-voltage formation. Because all-solid-state batteries have strict requirements on the ionic conductivity of solid electrolytes, they need to adopt high-voltage formation process, optimize the internal interface characteristics of the battery through higher voltage and more precise parameter control, and improve the overall performance. Overall, all-solid-state batteries have achieved a full-scale breakthrough in production technology from material preparation to battery cell forming. The dry electrode and electrolyte membrane preparation at the front end, the stacking combination technology in the middle end, and the high-voltage formation strategy at the back end together build a manufacturing system that is completely different from traditional liquid batteries, and also lay the foundation För förbättring av batteriets prestanda och industriell uppgradering .
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